The Internal Revenue Service estimates that taxpayers and businesses
spend 6.1 billion hours a year complying with tax-filing requirements.
To put this into perspective, if all this work were done by a single
company, it would need more than three million full-time employees and
be one of the largest industries in the U.S.¹
As complex as the
details of taxes can be, the income tax process is fairly
straightforward. However, the majority of Americans would rather not
understand the process, which explains why 60% hire a tax professional
to assist in their annual filing.²
The tax process starts with
income, and generally, most income received is taxable. A taxpayer’s
gross income includes income from work, investments, interest, pensions,
as well as other sources. The income from all these sources is added
together to arrive at the taxpayers’
gross income.
What’s
not considered income? Child support payments, gifts, inheritances,
workers’ compensation benefits, welfare benefits, or cash rebates from a
dealer or manufacturer.³
From gross income,
adjustments
are subtracted. These adjustments may include alimony, retirement-plan
contributions, half of self-employment, and moving expenses, among other
items.
The result is the
adjusted gross income.
From adjusted gross income,
deductions
are subtracted. With deductions, taxpayers have two choices: the
standard deduction or itemized deductions, whichever is greater. The
standard deduction amount varies based on filing status, as shown on
this chart:

Itemized
deductions can include state and local taxes, charitable contributions,
the interest on a home mortgage, certain unreimbursed job expenses, and
even the cost of having your taxes prepared, among other things.
Once deductions have been subtracted, the
personal exemption is subtracted. For the 2013 tax year, the personal exemption amount is $3,900, regardless of filing status.
The result is
taxable income. Taxable income leads to
gross tax liability.
Fast Fact: No Pencil and Paper. The National Taxpayer Advocate reports that 29% of taxpayers use tax preparation software.
But it’s not over yet.
Any tax credits are then subtracted from the
gross tax liability. Taxpayers may receive credits for a variety of items, including energy-saving improvements.
The result is the taxpayer’s
net tax.
Understanding
how the tax process works is one thing. Doing the work is quite
another. Remember, this material is not intended as tax or legal advice.
Please consult a tax professional for specific information regarding
your individual situation.
- National Taxpayer Advocate, 2011
- National Taxpayer Advocate, 2011
- The tax code allows an individual to gift up to $14,000 per person in 2014 without triggering any gift or estate taxes. Resource: http://www.authenticcounsel.com/resource-center/tax/how-income-taxes-work